33^rd International Conference on Vaccines and Immunization March 16-17, 2020 London, UK

Biography:

More than 25years research experience in the field of leishmaniasis to reveal the resistant isolates demography, their role in protective cytokine diversion, control of parasitic anemia in visceral leishmaniasis as well as identification of phytopharmaceutical anti-leishmanial candidate and also to identify the candidate for vector based vaccine development against leishmaniasis.

Abstract:

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a disease caused by protozoan species of the genus Leishmania and is transmitted through bites from the Phlebotomus sand fly; it is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality in many parts of world, including India. Reports on the protective role played by saliva proteins of Lutozomyia longipalpis, Phlebotomus papatasi and Phlebotomus duboscqi are available. However, no studies have explored the salivary proteins of P. argentipes, which is the known proven vector for the transmission of VL in the Indian sub-continent. Herein we revealed the presence of two proteins of 14.2 and one protein of 13.6 kDa in Indian strain P. argentipes which is absolute identical to previously reported protein of SP15 family (PagSP01, PagSP02 and PagSP07) of P. argentipes of NIH colony, USA. In an experimental study on P. argentipes from Bihar, India, we demonstrated that a strong humoral and cellular immune response was triggered to reduce the concomitant Leishmania load in groups of immunized mice. The immunized group produced a considerable amount of IgG antibodies, and their splenocytes generated TH1 cytokines (IL-12, IFN-γ) with the support of delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reactivity in such mice at the challenged site. We summarize from our data that some identical proteins to previous from SP15 family protein of 14.2 and 13.6 kDa molecular size, derived from Indian P. argentipes and reported its first time, can also be significant in resolution of VL infection after modulation of host protective T cell response in VL.

Biography:

Dr. Anita Bhargava has completed his PhD from Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi. She is MLE officer at the JSI India, a premier organisation working on immunization in the country. She has numerous research papers published in national and internation journals. She has been one of the peer reviewers of reputed editorial board of an international journal. Her research interests lies in health sector and quantiative and qualitaive research skills are her asset of her professional qualification. 

Abstract:

Adherence to timeliness of the vaccination is essential for antigens’ effectiveness through inducing immunity among infants. India acclaims one of the largest immunization programs in the world. At micro level, the success of the program is dependent upon arduous efforts of the frontline health workers to herald the outreach immunization session and age appropriate vaccination. It is challenging for them to reach out each caregiver or guardian of the beneficiary every time due to various plausible reasons. As a result, the child misses the due dose of the antigens. The paper is an attempt to assess the impact of “drum beating” initiative, launched with a focus to adhere timeliness of the antigens in Sirmaur district of Himachal Pradesh state characterised by mountainous terrain in India. A total of 23 FGDs carried out to investigate the perceptions of the mothers, frontline health workers and medical officers towards drum beating initiative. The data was analysed with ATLAS.ti (5.0 version) software and results are presented into broad themes. As a siginificant impact, increased timeliness in Primary Vaccination-1, 2 and Measles/MR1 and decrease in late ages of vaccine reciept was reported by the medical officers. The tune of the drum beating was distinct and could be heard from far and hence helped them to get informed about the immunization sessions. Drum beating, henceforth, can be sustained as one of the low costs and scalable mechanisms to instigate awareness among community regarding timeliness of the importance of the immunization as well as adherence to it.

Biography:

Dr. Anita Bhargava has completed his PhD from Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi. She is MLE officer at the JSI India, a premier organisation working on immunization in the country. She has numerous research papers published in national and internation journals. She has been one of the peer reviewers of reputed editorial board of an international journal. Her research interests lies in health sector and quantiative and qualitaive research skills are her asset of her professional qualification. 

Abstract:

Adherence to timeliness of the vaccination is essential for antigens’ effectiveness through inducing immunity among infants. India acclaims one of the largest immunization programs in the world. At micro level, the success of the program is dependent upon arduous efforts of the frontline health workers to herald the outreach immunization session and age appropriate vaccination. It is challenging for them to reach out each caregiver or guardian of the beneficiary every time due to various plausible reasons. As a result, the child misses the due dose of the antigens. The paper is an attempt to assess the impact of “drum beating” initiative, launched with a focus to adhere timeliness of the antigens in Sirmaur district of Himachal Pradesh state characterised by mountainous terrain in India. A total of 23 FGDs carried out to investigate the perceptions of the mothers, frontline health workers and medical officers towards drum beating initiative. The data was analysed with ATLAS.ti (5.0 version) software and results are presented into broad themes. As a siginificant impact, increased timeliness in Primary Vaccination-1, 2 and Measles/MR1 and decrease in late ages of vaccine reciept was reported by the medical officers. The tune of the drum beating was distinct and could be heard from far and hence helped them to get informed about the immunization sessions. Drum beating, henceforth, can be sustained as one of the low costs and scalable mechanisms to instigate awareness among community regarding timeliness of the importance of the immunization as well as adherence to it.

Biography:

Dr. Anita Bhargava has completed his PhD from Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi. She is MLE officer at the JSI India, a premier organisation working on immunization in the country. She has numerous research papers published in national and internation journals. She has been one of the peer reviewers of reputed editorial board of an international journal. Her research interests lies in health sector and quantiative and qualitaive research skills are her asset of her professional qualification. 

Abstract:

Adherence to timeliness of the vaccination is essential for antigens’ effectiveness through inducing immunity among infants. India acclaims one of the largest immunization programs in the world. At micro level, the success of the program is dependent upon arduous efforts of the frontline health workers to herald the outreach immunization session and age appropriate vaccination. It is challenging for them to reach out each caregiver or guardian of the beneficiary every time due to various plausible reasons. As a result, the child misses the due dose of the antigens. The paper is an attempt to assess the impact of “drum beating” initiative, launched with a focus to adhere timeliness of the antigens in Sirmaur district of Himachal Pradesh state characterised by mountainous terrain in India. A total of 23 FGDs carried out to investigate the perceptions of the mothers, frontline health workers and medical officers towards drum beating initiative. The data was analysed with ATLAS.ti (5.0 version) software and results are presented into broad themes. As a siginificant impact, increased timeliness in Primary Vaccination-1, 2 and Measles/MR1 and decrease in late ages of vaccine reciept was reported by the medical officers. The tune of the drum beating was distinct and could be heard from far and hence helped them to get informed about the immunization sessions. Drum beating, henceforth, can be sustained as one of the low costs and scalable mechanisms to instigate awareness among community regarding timeliness of the importance of the immunization as well as adherence to it.

Biography:

Prof. Dr. Anil Batta is presently professor & Head with senior consultant in Govt. Medical College, Amritsar. He did his M.B.B.S. and M.D. in Medical Biochemistry from Govt. Medical College, Patiala in 1984 and 1991, respectively. His research interest is mainly in clinical application especially cancer and drug de-addiction. He has supervised more than 25 M.D., M.Sc. and Doctorate researches and published more than 130 international research papers. He is the chief editor of America’s Journal of Biochemistry. He is also working as advisor to the editorial board of International Journal of Biological and Medical Research. He has been deputed member Editorial Board of numerous International & National Medical Journals of Biochemistry. He has also been attached as technical advisor to various national and international conferences in Biochemistry. He has been attached as hi-tech endocrinal, genetics and automated labs of Baba Farid Univ. of Health Sciences, Faridkot. He has chaired various sessions in the Biochemistry meets. He has been designated as member Editorial Board of various in US and other European Courtiers. He is also involved in various research projects at Govt. Medical, Amritsar. He has done superspecialisation in Drug-de-addiction from PGIMER, Chandigarh.

Abstract:

DNA vaccines are third generation vaccines. They contain DNA that codes for specific proteins (antigens) from a pathogen. The DNA is injected into the body and taken up by cells, whose normal metabolic processes synthesize proteins based on the genetic code in the plasmid that they have taken up. DNA vaccines are third generation vaccines. They contain DNA that codes for specific proteins (antigens) from a pathogen. The DNA is injected into the body and taken up by cells, whose normal metabolic processes synthesize proteins based on the genetic code in the plasmid that they have taken up. DNA plasmid vector vaccines carry the genetic information encoding an antigen, allowing the antigen to be produced inside of a host cell, leading to a cell-mediated immune response via the MHC I pathway. The plasmid DNA vaccine (above) carries the genetic code for a piece of pathogen or tumor antigen. The hepatitis B and the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines are made this way. The vaccine is composed of a protein that resides on the surface of the virus. This strategy can be used when an immune response to one part of the virus (or bacteria) is responsible for protection against disease. Vaccines are made by taking viruses or bacteria and weakening them so that they can't reproduce (or replicate) themselves very well or so that they can't replicate at all. Children given vaccines are exposed to enough of the virus or bacteria to develop immunity, but not enough to make them sick.

Biography:

Mengistu is a final year PhD student at james Cook University, Australia. He has completed his M.Sc. in Infectious and Tropical diseases in the University of Gondar, Ethiopia. His PhD project in on malaria vaccine development to down-select promising antigens to promote in to the clinical development. He has published more than 20 papers in reputed journals

Abstract:

Vaccines against many diseases caused by complex pathogens are still not available despite intense research. Using malaria as a model disease, we have developed and applied a strategy using T cell epitope prediction algorithms in reverse to identify from the complete Plasmodium falciparum parasite proteome the subset of key antigens targeted by T cell responses and have ranked these on the basis of T cell reactivity. In other studies, proteome-wide screening using proteome microarrays and sera from malaria-immune individuals identified antigens targeted by antibody responses. Fourteen of the most highly ranked P. falciparum T cell antigens were evaluated for immunogenicity and capacity to protect against stringent cross-species Plasmodium yoelii parasite challenge in mice. Three immunisation regimens were explored: homologous DNA, heterologous DNA-Adenovirus intramuscular and an innovative” prime-target” (DNAAdenovirus intravenous), designed to induce sustained T cell responses in the liver. Our data showed that almost all of our novel 14 P. falciparum antigens were highly effective targets of cross-species protective immunity, as inducing sterile infection-blocking immunity, reduction blood-stage parasite burden or delay to onset of parasitemia. We have down-selected for clinical development three antigens that have a maximum likelihood of inducing strain-transcending and cross-species protective immunity against malaria in humans. Such a rationally-designed genome-based vaccine could protect against all strains and all species of malaria.

Biography:

Dr. Mona Timan is a lecturer of Microbiology in the Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Imperial University, in Sudan.  She is assistant professor, PhD studies in pharmaceutical microbiology (development of novel antiviral drugs from Sudanese plants and possible mechanism of action). She also worked as a Visiting Scientist in the department of Bimolecular Sciences, University of Mahidol, Thailand. Dr Mona participated in many projects with members of the Molecular virology laboratory in University of Nagasaki, Japan using molecular biology techniques.

Abstract:

Background:  Influenza virus, is a major public health and its control continues to be a challenge. One of the possible sources of anti-influenza active agents might be Rooibos teas (RT), with various pharmacological actions.

Methods: We searched for anti-influenza activity using standard in vitro antiviral assays such as Inhibition of virus induced cytopathic effect (CPE) assay, inhibition of viral plaques, and hemagglutination assay. Time-of-addition assay was performed to target an event in the virus life cycle.

Results: RT crude extract showed anti-influenza activity and the 50% effective inhibitory concentration (CC₅₀) was 4%, while IC₅₀ for A/WSN/33 was 0.13%, when they were measured with both Crystal violet and Water-soluble tetrazolium salt (WST-1) assays. The virus-induced cytopathic effects were thus significantly reduced.  Plaque assays demonstrated that RT extracts reduced virus infectivity markedly in dose dependent manner, when the viruses were treated with RT extract before exposure and post exposure to MDCK cells. In contrast, pretreatment of MDCK cells with RT extracts before influenza virus infection did not affect virus infectivity. The inhibitory effect of RT extract was observed against influenza A/PR/8/34 (H1N1), A/WSN/33 and A/HK/8/68 (H3N2) and influenza B. Our results suggest that RT extract contains anti-influenza virus substances that directly affects influenza virus particles and disrupts the function of virus adsorption to host cells.

Conclusions: These results have exposed the capability of the extracted RT for strongly inhibit influenza virus replication and offers an opportunity for the development of a new anti-influenza virus agent.

Biography:

Anfal nasreldin bagal gradute of university of science and technology modules university of Khartoum Qualifying and medical license in the state of Qatar council for healthcare practitioners. She work at national health insurance fund as medical laboratory technologist. She is student master university of karary Recherche titles names "Direct detection of antibiotic resistance bacteria in patients with post-surgical nosocomial infection (carbapenem resistance gene Klebsiella pneumonia/Pseudomonas aeruginosa) using molecular techniques in Alfasher North Darfur State"

Abstract:

Introduction:

Surgical site infections coincide and contribute to healthcare associated infections, therefore the definition of surgical site infections (SSIs) referred to infections that occur in the wound created by an invasive surgical procedure which were one of the most important causes of healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs). S. aureus, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, Klebsiella spp., etc. Gram positive bacteria were found to be more predominant in the postoperative wound samples compared to the Gram-negative organisms.  Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli were multidrug resistant (Chaudhary et al, 2017). Surgical Site Infection has been increased over the past few years. World Health Organization (WHO) documented that 66% of establishing countries have no imprinted data related to the burden of SSI and the data based on the surgical prophylaxis is insufficient. However, good quality of the microbiology laboratory practice is important, in Sudan, while searching in literature there no researches to date on this topic of laboratory diagnosis for surgical and nosocomial infections monitoring antibiotic resistance.  In Alfasher, however, patients suffer from post-surgical infections and good quality in microbiology laboratory practice is mandatory. However, there will be no good laboratory practice without excellence in quality and professionalism.  This study was proposed to apply quality in the medical microbiology   laboratory using proper isolation system, culture for microorganisms, antibiotics sensitivity testing and DNA sequencing for bacteria resistant to antibiotics in surgical site infection.

Methods:

We evaluated this study by using Molecular techniques in Microbiology laboratory, Bacterial DNA prepared for PCR according to the standard method. DNA concentration was determined using spectrophotometer, Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by applying the agar diffusion method according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) recommendations, Standard quality measures, such as standard operation procedures, quality of environment, the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) is a software package used in statistical analysis of data.

Result:

In total, 80 resistant isolates (18 Gram positive and 62 Gram negative). All S. aureus isolates were resistant to both penicillin and oxacillin. K. pneumoniae isolates were resistant to carbapenems. The molecular screening of carbanemase genes was based on a previously published multiplex PCR technique. Recent studies show that not only bacteria, but also bacterial genes can move freely among humans, animals and the environment (Oliveira P.H., et al, 2007). In our study the resistant Gram-negative rods (GNR) were a common finding, confirming their increased prevalence in hospital-associated drug-resistant infections. In conclusion, our results demonstrated the presence of important clinical pathogens in patients with post-surgical nosocomial infection, which are likely to be released in the environment.

Biography:

Njla Yehya Elhaj Wardgo is a Pharmacist at Alsawahly pharmacy group . She received her B.S from Omdurman islamic university 2011, she started her career in fedail hospital pharmacy from 2011-2013. After that she worked for Alsawahly pharmacy group till now. Njla is a medical researcher at The research center in Sudan, she currently lives in Khartoum with her husband and her sons.

Abstract:

Introduction:

Streptomycin is a first aminoglycoside synthesized as a products of Streptomyces griseus and is inhibitor of protein synthesis. the resistant mutants obtained in vitro have abnormal ribosomes. In few clinical strains of staphylococcus aureus there is some evidence for plasmid locus or gene determining streptomycin resistance (ayliffe,1970; grub band and oreilly,1971). The mechanism of resistance is uncertain. Since ancient time, naturally occurring plants have played an important role in the discovery of new therapeutic agents. Almost all antibiotics are subjected to the problem of bacterial resistance. Garlic (allium sativum Linn) has an important dietary and medicinal rule for centuries. its typically pungent odor and bacterial activity depend on allicin, allicin, one of the active principles of freshly crushed garlic homogenates, has variety of antimicrobial activity.

Methods:

Garlic powder was purchased from local market. The 70% of ethanol was prepared. Bacterial strain was inoculated on sterile nutrient broth and incubated at 37c for 24 h. Each culture was swabbed on the surface of sterile nutrient agar plate in duplicate. Standard streptomycin with different concentration was added.

Result:

Mean zone of inhibition was expressed and compared with the control. The findings of this study reveal the distinct antibacterial profile of Allium sativum Linn. Solely and in streptomycin synergism against streptomycin-resistant S. aureus. Staphylococcus is a gram positive aerobic and nonaerobic, immobile. It is a catalase positive, and capable of mannitol fermentation. S. aureus is very sensitive to alcoholic extract. The antimicrobial activity of garlic is depending on allicin compound, which is more effective on gram positive bacteria much more than gram negative. Allicin is very important compound that create the antibacterial properties and limit the speed of RNA synthesis. Use of garlic extract solely is fruitful. Synergistic use can prevent the pathogenic organism grow their resistance against antibiotic.