29^th International Conference on Vaccines and Immunization March 19-20, 2018 London, UK

Biography:

Abstract:

Biography:

Abstract:

Wild koala populations continue to experience serious declines as a result of several threatening factors including: loss of habitat; motor vehicle trauma; dog attacks and; chlamydial disease. Chlamydial infections are associated with diseases ranging from ocular disease leading to blindness, as well as urinary and genital tract disease, leading to female infertility. Modeling shows that targeting chlamydial disease would have a major impact on stabilising population decline. Our previous studies have demonstrated that koalas can be safely immunized with a vaccine containing a mixture of chlamydial major outer membrane protein (MOMP) antigens combined with a single or three-dose subcutaneous regime. In our most recent, large scale, field trial of the vaccine, we vaccinated 30 koalas that were outwardly clinically healthy but either Chlamydia PCR negative or Chlamydia PCR positive, and followd them for 1-2 years to assess the protective effect of the vaccine (compared to a control group of unvaccinated koalas). We observed strong, specific and long-lasting immune responses in the vaccinated koalas; high titre antibody responses (as measured by ELISA and also in vitro neutralisation) as well as Chlamydia-specific cytokine responses (interferon-gamma and IL-17 in particular). For animals which were Chlamydia PCR positive at the time of vaccination, we observed a significant reduction in their infection PCR load (at both the ocular and urogenital tract sites). We also observed protection from progression to clinical disease in the vaccinated animals. We have also conducted a small trial to vaccinate animals which already have clinical signs of ocular disease. Instead of the normal practice of administering antibiotics (chloramphenicol, daily for 28 days, which severely disrupts the animal’s gut microbiome) we vaccinated four animals with a single dose, 3-MOMP vaccine. For all vaccinated animals, their Chlamydia PCR load decreased, often to zero, and in two animals at least, we observed a decrease in their clinical disease score. These results are promising for the future development of an effective chlamydial vaccine for use in captive as well as wild koalas.

Biography:

Yoshinori HAYAKAWA has graduated Tokyo University, Department of Applied Physics. He received Ph.D. in Tokyo Institute of Technology. He then engaged in Boron-Neutron Therapy in Teikyo University and then Proton Radiation Beam Therapy in University of Tsukuba. He has Measured first in the world acoustic pulse generated in the patient’s body treated by pulsed proton beam. The phenomenon will be used to monitor dose distribution in patients as planed or not. He then becomes a professor in Toin University of Yokohama. He is now a part time lecturer after retirement. He is interested in researches on well-being of human life. He has developed Computer Numerals and New Abacus Numerals for improving basic education to reduce poverty. He has developed Universal Literacy Alphabet as well. He is now developing a plan to eliminate glacial period by reflecting sun light by mirrors on the moon surface and Lagrangian points of moon orbit.

Abstract:

New bird type influenza pandemic may kill 300 million people assuming the population of 7.2 millard and 20% population became ill and death rate is 20%. Especially bird flu H7N9 is the most likely candidate of pandemic. Now death rate of H7N9 patients is 40%. But if death rate become 30~20%, patients have sufficient time to transfer virus to another person. Inactive or ordinary attenuated live vaccine is too costly for people especially in developing countries. Ferret nasal mucosa is carcinated using carcinogen such as benzopyrene. Mucous cancer is easier to incubate. Bird influenza virus is attenuated by reverse genetics. The virus is marked by green fluorescent protein. This attenuated virus is sprayed to many cultured cancer cell incubation specimen. In some specimen attenuated virus will be mutated to increase in cancer cells. The increase is checked by green fluorescence. Then the virus is tested to infect ferret and then human volunteers with no serious syndrome. Virus with strongest virus titer to infect ferret is selected as seed virus of infectious attenuated live influenza vaccine. When natural outbreak of pandemic is estimated to be very near, the seed virus will be increased in incubated cancer cells by bioreactors all over the world and sprayed to vulnerable young people, e.g., soldiers, students and people in slams. Drones may be used to enhance infection, spraying in cities thin capsules including the live vaccine. Capsules are very thin to be melted at human nasal mucous membrane. Thus, basic immunity is gained by people against dangerous new influenza. The number of victims seems to be less than one thousandth compared to the situation with no infectious vaccine. The calculation assumes the number of victims with infectious attenuated live vaccine application is less than that of A/H1N1.

Biography:

Md Jasim Uddin has completed his PhD from University of Dhaka on Management Studies (Health). His research area is health systems research and he has published around 50 articles in peer reviewed journals. He has been working as a Consultant Scientist at International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh.

Abstract:

Statement of the Problem: Rapid urbanization, high density of population, and low coverage of immunization in urban slums of Bangladesh call for the increased emphasis on immunization coverage for vulnerable urban poor children where spread of infection is faster. The study assessed the impact of an EPI intervention package, implemented within the existing service-delivery system, to improve the child immunization coverage in urban slums of Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Methodology: This intervention trial used a pre and post-test design. An intervention package was tested in two urban slums. The intervention package included: (a) an extended EPI service schedule, (b) training for service providers on valid doses and management of side-effects, (c) a screening tool to identify immunization needs among clinic attendants, and (d) an EPI support group for social mobilization. Data were obtained from random sample surveys, service statistics, and qualitative interviews. Analysis of quantitative data was based on a before and after assessment of selected immunization-coverage indicators. Qualitative data were analyzed using content analysis.

Findings: Ninety-nine percent of the children were fully immunized after implementation of the interventions compared to only 43% before implementation. Antigen-wise coverage after implementation of the interventions was also significantly higher compared to before implementation. Only 1% drop-out was observed after the implementation of the interventions while it was 33% before implementation. At baseline, a significantly higher proportion of children of non-working mothers (75%) were fully immunized compared to children of working mothers (14%). Although the proportion of fully-immunized children of both non-working and working mothers was significantly higher at end line, fully-immunized children of working mothers were dramatically improved at end line (99%) compared to baseline (14%).

Conclusion & Significance: The findings suggest the effectiveness of a 'package of interventions' in improving child immunization coverage in urban slums. Therefore, the policy makers and programme managers should implement the package of successful interventions in all the slums of Bangladesh for improving the coverage of child immunization among this marginalized group of people. Other countries who are struggling from the same problem may also implement the interventions. 

Biography:

Debaki R Howlader completed his MSc in Microbiology and joined National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (NICED), India as a Junior Research Fellow to carry out PhD in October, 2014. He is a Senior Research Fellow in the same institute since January, 2017. Currently, he is working in the Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge as a Visiting Research Scholar. His research interest is to use Outer Membrane Vesicles (OMV) from typhoidal salmonellae and to check their ability to be used as a vaccine.

Abstract:

Salmonella typhi and Salmonella Paratyphi A are the leading causative agents of enteric fever which causes morbidity and mortality worldwide. In this paper, we are focusing on the development of a novel bivalent typhoidal outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) based immunogen against enteric fever. We have isolated Salmonella typhi and Paratyphi A OMVs and also characterized OMVs associated antigens. Then we immunized the adult mice with three doses of our newly formulated bivalent immunogen orally (25 mg/200 ml). After three doses of oral immunization, we found our immunogen can significantly induce humoral response; LPS, Vi-polysaccharide specific serum IgG, IgA, IgM as well as induce Th1 and Th17-cell mediated immunity. We also found bivalent OMVs immunization can prevent heterologous Salmonella strains mediated systemic infection in adult mice model. We determined that the protective immune responses depend on the humoral and cell-mediated immune response. Furthermore, we have evaluated the mode of protective immune response which was carried out by anti-OMVs antibody by significantly inhibiting bacterial motility and mucin penetration. Taken together these findings suggest our bivalent immunogen could be used as a novel candidate vaccine against enteric fever.

Biography:

Abstract:

Statement of the Problem: Maternal antibodies are transferred from sow to piglet, it’s very effective in protecting neonates and infants pig against most infectious diseases. Vaccination of newborn piglets is problematic because of two unsolved problems: the presence of inhibitory maternal antibodies and the immature immune system of neonates pig. Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a contagious disease of cloven-hoofed animals; it leads to enormous economic loss worldwide. One of the most important measures to control and prevent FMD is the vaccine and immunity. The time point of first immune for neonates piglets is crucial in FMD immunization schedule. Researchers have reported that pig maternal antibodies can inhibit seroconversion of veterinary vaccines such as Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, pseudorabies virus, classical swine fever virus, Influenza virus. However, the effect of maternal antibody on FMD vaccine immune in piglets has not been previously studied. The purpose of this study is to evaluate interference effect on FMD vaccine immune with the presence of FMD maternal antibody in piglets.

Methodology & Theoretical Orientation: Sows were inoculated FMD vaccine one month before birth. Piglets which on 30(A group), 43(B group), 56(C group), 77(D group) days old were grouped, and each group had 20 piglets. ALL the piglets were vaccinated with FMD vaccine and serum from anterior vena cava blood were collected and numbered.

Results: Serums from all the piglets were gathered on 28 days after FMD immunization. FMD antibodies were detected with liquid phase blocking (LBP) ELISA method.

Conclusion & Significance: Analysis of antibody data of FMD indicated that the higher maternal antibody level of FMD in piglets, the greater negative effect on FMD vaccine immunity. It is very important to choose the first FMD immunization time point of piglets in the presence of maternal antibodies.

Biography:

J Santiago Mejia is a Research Scientist interested in the development of solutions to medical problems, in particular those caused by arthropod-borne pathogens. He is passionate about scientific discovery and new perspectives into complex problems. His work characterizing the immune and inflammatory response after the bite of hematophagous arthropods lead him realize that while exposure to the bite of infected arthropods represent a health risk, exposure to the bite of healthy arthropods might be essential to human health. The complete removal from human dwellings of hematophagous arthropods might represent an eco-pathological process associated with an increased risk of chronic non-communicable diseases. Under this perspective it will be necessary to explore strategies to ensure that residents of intervened areas get access to saliva from laboratory-reared pathogen-free arthropods.

Abstract:

Statement of the Problem: Development of vaccines to prevent diseases caused by arthropod-borne pathogens remains, with few exceptions, an elusive goal. This is in part due to the complexity of the immune evasion mechanisms they deploy to thrive in vertebrate and invertebrate hosts. A promising alternative is to target antigens present in the saliva that hematophagous arthropods deliver, along with pathogens, at the bite site. One major advantage of this approach is that molecular structures preserved during the evolution of arthropods can be incorporated in the development of pan-arthropod vaccines. One additional advantage is that natural exposure to saliva from both infected and non-infected arthropods can boost transmission-blocking immunity.

Methodology & Theoretical Orientation: We used the BluePort tissue platform, a well-vascularized and macrophage-rich compartment, as tool to induce and evaluate anti-salivary immunity. Saliva from three species of hematophagous arthropods, Lutzomyia longipalpis, Ochlerotatus triseriatus and Ixodes scapularis, was used to study the cross-reactive immunity generated, and lectins and enzymes used to study N-linked glycans as potential inductors of this immunity.

Findings: The BluePort tissue platform is a lymph-node type structure that can be used to accelerate the acquisition of cross-reactive anti-salivary immunity. Drastic differences in the cell inflammatory profile detected in naïve and immune animals strongly suggest that the BluePort vaccination portal facilitates the induction of strong TH-2 type responses, and that allergenic structure, such as arthropod N-linked glycans, might be involved in the inducting of cross-reactive immunity.

Conclusion & Significance: It is possible to induce cross-reactive immunity towards salivary glycoproteins using the BluePort as vaccination portal, it remains to be determined whether the immunity induced block pathogen transmission.

Biography:

Pramod Jog is Professor of Pediatrics at D.Y. Patil Medical College, Pune, India. He has been the President of Indian Academy of Pediatrics, 2016. He is standing committee member of IPA (International Pediatric Association) 2016-19, steering committee member of GAVI (CSO) 2016-19 and Associate Fellow.

Abstract:

The main aim of the immune system is to recognize self from foreign and to eliminate the harmful foreign substances from the body. This is done through recognition of antigens on the foreign substances or organisms. The response mounted by the body is called immune response and it consists of producing either proteins called antibodies as in humoral response or specific cells called cellular response. The antigen (Ag) is presented to the Antigen Presenting Cell (APC). The Ag-APC complex reaches the lymph node and stimulates either CD4 (helper) or CD8 (cytotoxic) T cell. The CD4 T cell produces either Th1 or Th2 cells. Th2 cells stimulate B cells to produce either plasma cells or memory cells. Plasma cells produce antibodies. The presentation will discuss the dynamics of antibody production; primary response, secondary response, immunological basis of conjugated vaccines etc.

Biography:

Yanelys Morera Diaz was graduated at the Biology Faculty, Havana University. She has been working since as a staff scientist at the Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana, Cuba. She has worked in the Cancer Immunotherapy Group at the Biomedical Research Area in the fields of Molecular Biology and Immunology, specifically in the development of a therapeutic vaccine candidate for cancer. Yanelys has published several articles, is author of five National awards of the Sciences Academy of Cuba and is author of three Health National Awards. She received a Master in Sciences degree in Biotechnology (CIGB) in 2010 and got her Ph .D. in Biological Sciences from the University of Havana in 2013. For this work she received the National Outstanding Doctoral Thesis Award. Currently, Yanelys Morera is the head of Cancer Immunotherapy Laboratory and is devoted to the study of the immunological response of cancer patients vaccinated with HeberSaVax.

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